Synapses are essential for shaping mammalian behavior and, when dysfunctional, will lead to symptoms of disease. Central nervous system synapses mature postnatally to form functional circuits. Once established they maintain a wide dynamic range, which is essential for adaptive behavior, including learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity is induced by correlated activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons, activating intracellular signaling cascades or releasing extracellular messengers. As a consequence, release properties change and transmitter receptors are dynamically remodeled. This Advanced Course will address key issues on the properties of synapse formation, physiological function and their plasticity. We will also critically review the findings implicating specific forms of plasticity in pathological behavior. Read more about the course here